Colombia often comes to mind for cocaine production, but Peru closely follows in coca cultivation and manufacturing. By 2008, half of the world’s cocaine came from Peru or Bolivia. In the UK, Colombia's cocaine supply share has steadily decreased since 2002, with Peru and Bolivia now being primary sources for smaller European markets.

Cocaine shipped to Europe often travels from Peru to Bolivia or Brazil via established drug cartels. However, more drugs are staying in Peru for domestic use, including cocaine, coca base, amphetamines, opiates, and cannabis. These trends are rising not only in Peru but also throughout the Southern Cone of South America.